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Abdurraqib praises Gaye’s album What’s Going On for assessing America’s problems frankly and posing few definite solutions. Abdurraqib hypothesizes that Gaye realized that “Blackness and labor have been inextricable in America for hundreds of years” (47), transforming Gaye’s understanding of what it meant to be an artist; rather than an exception to this rule, Abdurraqib suggests, Gaye must have understood that his art was itself a form of labor and that he consequently was subject to the same systems that oppressed all Black Americans. Abdurraqib believes that recognizing this led Gaye to become a new type of artist.
Abdurraqib discusses racism in the punk rock scene, which makes little space for people of color: “[T]he choice […] for non-white men is a choice between being tokenized, or being invisible” (52). He began to gravitate toward the Afropunk scene, which felt more inclusive and community-centered. The essay ends with Abdurraqib observing a Black boy at a punk concert passing out in the mosh pit and being trampled on. He wonders now what he would have said to the boy if he saw him after the show and thinks he would encourage him to make a space for people of color.
Abdurraqib explores childhood and poverty through the lens of The Wonder Years’s album Suburbia I’ve Given You All and Now I’m Nothing. Abdurraqib grew up biking into the suburbs with friends, struggling to understand how people in the suburbs could feel sadness when they seemingly had so much. As he ages, he understands that “a life that look[s] beautiful [can] be immensely sad” (60). He ultimately appreciates The Wonder Years’s album because it is honest about the flaws of the band’s hometown and doesn’t sugarcoat living in the suburbs.
This sectioned essay follows two bands: Abdurraqib’s friends’ band Constellations and Twenty One Pilots, which got its start in Columbus, Ohio. Abdurraqib has complicated feelings about Twenty One Pilots—he considers them overly “manufactured” and believes they won their first Grammy at the expense of other, more deserving artists—he remembers both Constellations and Twenty One Pilots fondly because he got to support his friends and his hometown through their music.
In 2016, the band Cute Is What We Aim For reunited for a tour playing the entirety of their 2006 album Same Old Blood Rush. Abdurraqib remembers enjoying the album when it first was released but was surprised and uneasy at the lyrics’ misogyny by the time of the reunion tour. Very few people attended the concert, and Abdurraqib and a fellow male concert-goer discussed how uncomfortable the sexist lyrics made them now that they were older. Abdqurraqib feels “ashamed that [he] once decided to wear it” as “balm for an old wound” (70)—i.e., that he once took adolescent pleasure in lashing out at women in heartbreak.
This short essay explores sadness and death. Abdurraqib speculates that the last work an artist completes before tragedy strikes them inevitably “sounds better,” but he pushes back against the glorification of suffering: Much tragedy is not dramatic enough to capture the public imagination, and in any case, Abdurraqib does not view any art as worth an individual’s life. He reminds himself that while he may be sad—in the present and in the future—he will continue to work toward joy and art.
Following a difficult and confusing year in 2016, Abdurraqib drove to Provincetown, Massachusetts, for a few days of quiet solitude before Christmas. While perusing a record store, he picked up Richard Hell and the Voidoids’s album Blank Generation. He remembered an interview with Hell where he “prattled on about how much he wanted to die” (76). Though Hell is still alive as of the essay’s writing, Abdurraqib admits he understands how it feels to desire—if not death itself—the desire to desire death.
Abdurraqib’s friends think he has become cynical, which he agrees with: He is not especially optimistic about the future and values honesty more than unthinking hope. He recalls that before leaving Provincetown, he bumped into a man he had seen on the street previously. The man told him, “We’re all going to die” (78). Reflecting back on this, Abdurraqib agrees but says he hopes to have more time to hope and live, even if both are difficult at times.
Abdurraqib reflects on My Chemical Romance’s concept album, The Black Parade, 10 years after its 2006 release. The album documents an unnamed cancer patient’s experience with illness, treatment, and death, and Abdurraqib structures his commentary on the album into “Acts,” interspersing reflections on his own experiences with death and grief with close readings of the music. Abdurraqib argues that despite My Chemical Romance’s theatricality, there is a core of earnestness to the album, which aims to bring listeners to the heart of death and grief. Though it does not minimize the tragedy of death, the album offers glimpses of hope in its imagination of the afterlife; though Abdurraqib is unsure of his own views regarding life after death, the album’s image of the patient’s most cherished memories chaperoning him to the afterlife resonates with Abdurraqib. The album also takes for granted the universality of loss and grief, which Abdurraqib credits with much of its power. Nevertheless, this effort to channel death and dying came at a cost; Abdurraqib details the injuries the band members sustained in performing “Famous Last Words” and notes that Gerard Way envisioned the album as the band’s last. In that vein, Abdurraqib recalls a conversation with a friend about how much of their own suffering an artist owes their audience.
Abdurraqib describes the atmosphere at a Defiance, Ohio concert: Everyone knew the lyrics to the songs and there was a general sense of comradery, although at one point a band member had to intervene after one attendee punched another. Despite its name, the band is actually from Columbus. Defiance, Ohio, is a small town that got its name from a fort built there in the late 18th century in “defiance” of attacks by the British, Indigenous Americans, etc. Abdurraqib and his friends used to visit Defiance (the town) when they were young, but they stopped after a man with a Confederate flag and (possibly) a shotgun chased them away from his house. Abdurraqib notes that Defiance, Ohio released an album in 2006 that spoke to his grief over friends who died the same year; at another performance he attended, this one in 2007, the mood was subdued, the attendees all apparently caught up in their grief. Defiance the town has since become an epicenter of the heroin epidemic, which Abdurraqib links to the increasing obsolescence of small Ohio towns.
This section focuses primarily on building community, often in conjunction with Public Versus Private Grief. The epigraph comes from Gerard Way, the frontman of My Chemical Romance: “Oh, how wrong we were to think that immortality meant never dying” (45). The use of the first-person plural pronoun “we” is fitting because of the section’s strong emphasis on community, while the reference to death foreshadows the role that loss can play in building bridges. Several essays—particularly “Death Becomes You” and “Searching for a New Kind of Optimism”—suggest that the universality of death makes it a potential avenue for community. By recognizing this shared fate, Abdurraqib implies, people can connect with one another when all else fails.
However, loss and grief are not always vehicles for empathy. Hints of this idea emerge in Abdurraqib’s account of a discussion with his fellow poets: They wondered “what people [were] ‘owed’ from [their] work. Who [was] owed [their] grief” (86). The phrasing turns art into a transaction and suggests that to be an artist—whether it be a poet or musician—is to not fully control one’s grief. It instead becomes a communal, public good that people can use to make sense of their own grief. Similarly, “Brief Notes on Staying” reflects on the romanticization of artistic suffering and urges readers to value the artist as a human first and foremost. Social divisions, like those created by racism, also limit grief’s effectiveness as a community-builder. “Defiance, Ohio Is the Name of a Band” searches for a way to bridge that gap, juxtaposing the threat of death he and his friends encountered in the town with the opioid epidemic ravaging the community, but whether there is a way to understand a racist hate crime and the overdoses affecting the majority-white town as somehow commensurate remains unclear. Sometimes community is born out of exclusion itself: Abdurraqib realizes aspects of his identity through experiencing racism at punk rock shows, leading him to find the Afro-punk genre, which reaffirms his cultural identity.
Abdurraqib employs a variety of unusual formal and syntactical choices, most often to emphasize the relationship between tone and subject matter. For example, in “All Our Friends Are Famous,” the second section of the essay consists of sentences that all end with exclamation marks: “That is the truth! You are only from here if you’re from here!” (62). This syntactical choice creates the feeling that Abdurraqib is hyping the crowd, much like he would have hyped crowds while his friends played shows. “Defiance, Ohio Is the Name of the Band” uses the ampersand to create one long run-on sentence. This essay hinges on the fact that Defiance, Ohio, is both a town and a band and that both are turning into ghosts. By using the ampersand, Abdurraqib refuses to allow the sentence to end, recreating the haunting feeling of a ghost who never fully leaves.
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By Hanif Abdurraqib