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66 pages 2 hours read

The Great Divorce

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1945

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Chapters 2-3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 2 Summary

In Chapter 2, the young man goes on to rehearse his own dispiriting history. To explain the mediocrity of his life, he blames world systems—first capitalism, but then also communism when the mixed results of the world’s communist revolutions disappointed him. When a romantic heartbreak acted as the final straw in his string of disappointments, he jumped under a train and subsequently found himself in the Grey Town. He is sure that he will finally be appreciated in the place to which the bus is taking them.

When a quarrel breaks out on the bus, the resulting mayhem brings the narrator a new seat companion whom another passenger refers to as “Ikey.” The Grey Town’s occupants, Ikey says, are in a continual state of moving farther and farther away from each other. They can conjure new habitations for themselves simply by imagining them, so when they quarrel with each other, they simply imagine new housing farther away from their antagonists. Those who have been there for centuries—including some well-known names like Julius Caesar, Genghis Khan, and Henry the Fifth—live so far away from the bus stop that it would take them lightyears to reach it if they wanted to make the trip.

Ikey has an improvement plan for the Grey Town: He thinks that if he can introduce “commodities”—real, material goods different than the ones the residents conjure by imagining—everyone will want them. This demand will draw everyone back to the city center—a desirable outcome because there is “safety in numbers” (14). The frightening eventuality he wants to gather protection against is that “It will be dark presently” (15). In other words, the long evening will one day “turn into a night” (15). When the narrator asks how Ikey’s scheme would address the quarrelling problem, Ikey says that the residents could form a police force.

Another passenger, one the narrator describes as “fat,” objects to Ikey’s plans and dismisses the idea that the Grey Town’s evening will one day turn to night, calling such thoughts “primitive superstitions” (16). The bully from the queue joins in, telling Ikey to shut up. The passengers forget their arguing, however, when a bright light suddenly fills the bus, exposing everyone’s faces as extraordinarily “distorted and faded” (17).

Chapter 3 Summary

The bus touches down in a grassy countryside with a river running through it. Getting out of the bus, the narrator has the strange sensation that he is not only in a bigger space than he is used to but a “larger sort of space” (20), and that this new, unfamiliar place renders him exposed to unknown dangers. As he looks around at his fellow passengers, he sees that they have all become strangely transparent, like ghosts (he afterwards refers to them as “Ghosts”). More interaction with the green countryside, however, reveals that it is perhaps not that they are insubstantial, but rather that the country in which they find themselves is more solid and weighty than any place they have ever been. The grass is so heavy and solid that it is difficult to walk on; the narrator cannot pluck a single flower from the ground, though he tries with all his might.

The Ghost-passengers wander about uncomfortably; some run back to the bus. One asks the driver when they have to be back, as if they have come to this country for a field trip. The driver responds that they never have to go back if they want to stay. Soon the group is distracted by a crowd of people coming toward them. These people all have a strangely ageless quality and appear solid like their surroundings. Some of them are naked and some are robed, but they all exude the same stunning, bright agelessness. The narrator refers to these people as “Spirits” throughout the novel.

Chapters 2-3 Analysis

Through the bus passengers’ discussions in Chapter 2, Lewis addresses the idea that Heaven is not necessary because humanity can achieve a heavenly state on Earth with the right kind of socioeconomic or governmental system. The people of the Grey Town do not lack material comforts, but this does not make them happy, indicating that no ideology of resource distribution holds the key to joy. Ikey schemes to introduce material goods like the bus passengers had on Earth to the Grey Town. However, he has no plan to solve the problem of the sinful human nature that would cause the Ghosts to resume quarrelling if they went back to living in close quarters. His best idea is to mimic earthly systems and create a police force to solve disputes, but this hardly inspires confidence that his plan will result in a more harmonious reality than that on Earth.

The passenger described as “fat” has an alternative suggestion—contentment with and appreciation of the strange, ethereal quality of the Grey Town rather than an effort to change it. However, based on Ikey’s description of the Grey Town’s inner workings, this suggestion provides little comfort. It would take a massive effort of self-delusion to content oneself with a place that inexorably leads its residents to complete isolation. Yet, as the novel shows in all the subsequent chapters, such massive efforts of self-delusion are not only possible but common among the Grey Town’s residents.

When the passengers arrive at their destination, which the novel later reveals is a sort of foyer to Heaven, Heaven emerges as a place more real than earthly reality. Of course, on Earth, humans have very little conception of things being “more real” or “less real”; most things either are real or they are not. To convey the idea of Heaven as a “more real” place than Earth, Lewis therefore uses concepts that humans are familiar with, like weight, heft, and solidity. He creates a place where the smallest familiar everyday object—even a feather or a flower—has more weight and solidity than the ghostly human presences who have traveled there.

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