54 pages • 1 hour read
A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The narrative shifts back to Vietnam, and a nighttime firefight. O'Brien and several others dive into a foxhole. A blond soldier suffers a minor cut on his hand, from a grenade, but the firefight turns out to have been staged by the blond soldier and his bored friends:"They shouted and squealed and fired their weapons and threw hand grenades and had a good time, making noise, scaring the hell out of everyone" (25).
The time of year is not specified; it is not clear how long O'Brien has been there. But it's long enough that things have become routine. He describes the routine of avoiding mines: "Never blink the eyes, tape them open" (27). He marches with Barney, Chip from Orlando, and Bates, who dreams about women while he marches.
The next night, O'Brien and the others take turns using a "starlight scope," a night-vision rifle scope (28). In a captivating and scientifically-imprecise way, O'Brien describes how the scope takes the night's "orphan light" and "juice[s] up the starlight, magically exposing the night's secrets" (29). The men go to sleep, and Bates has the last word: "Night" (31).
The narrative shifts to O'Brien's time in basic training at Fort Lewis, in Washington state. He saw himself as a man apart from the others there: "I did not like them, and there was no reason to like them" (33). He goes further: "I hated them all. Passionate, sad, desperate hate" (33).O’Brien goes through training as if he has no comrades: "I learned to march, but I learned alone" (33).
Against his expectations, O'Brien makes a friend, Erik, in basic training. They share a habit of asking ponderous questions about military duty and a love of books. In basic training, O'Brien and the other soldiers are made to follow arbitrary rules and customs. They run, sing songs, and wax floors. Arbitrary rules are brutally enforced. Erik and O'Brien swear to get revenge on their hated drill sergeant, Blyton. Blyton seizes on their friendship. He mocks them for being "college pansies" and "lezzies" (47).As punishment, he assigns them to night watch.
O'Brien and Erik enjoy their duty on night watch, at first:"No barracks quarrels, no noise. A sense of privacy and peace" (48). They come upon "a kid making an unauthorized phone call" (49). They stick him with the rest of their night watch, as punishment. They think they have gotten one over on Blyton, wriggling out of duty, but later, they “wondered if Blyton hadn't won a big victory that night," by getting them to enforce the army's rules (49).
Two months pass. In graduating from basic training, Erik and O'Brien go their separate ways. Erik has signed up for an extra year, in exchange for the possibility he would not be sent to the front lines in Vietnam. O'Brien "had gambled" on getting some kind of office job, far from the action (50). He loses his bet, and he is sent to infantry training. Erik goes to transportation school, and later will got a job far from active combat.
O'Brien next goes through advanced infantry training, or AIT, at Fort Lewis. AIT is different from basic training. At the end of basic training, some people become typists or mechanics. Everyone in AIT will soon be in combat. The drill sergeant hammers the point home, telling the soldiers to forget fantasies of an easy post in Germany: "You dudes are Nam-bound. Warsville, understand? Death City"(52).
In a public library, O'Brien researches ways to desert. He looks up information about fleeing to Canada, France, and Sweden. He prices bus and airplane tickets. He doesn't have quite enough money, but he plans to pick up a job and earn it in a few weeks, after deserting Fort Lewis. He asks his parents to mail him his passport.
O'Brien asks to see the battalion commander, but he is shunted into an appointment with the chaplain first. The first sergeant tells O'Brien the chaplain will "weed out the pussies from the men with real problems" (55). The chaplain is unsympathetic to O'Brien, telling him, "Goddamn it, you're a soldier now, and you'll sure as hell act like one!" (57). The battalion commander interprets O'Brien's moral concerns as a case of nerves, saying it’s natural to be fearful.
O'Brien leaves for Seattle one weekend, intending to put his escape plans into effect, but he doesn't follow through. Alone in a hotel room, he suffers from an upset stomach. He writes a long letter to his family, explaining why he is deserting, but in the end, he burns the letter and returns to base.
Although this is an account of war, there are moments of startling beauty in O’Brien’s book. One of these is the night-scope passage. It seems like O'Brien is about to see something profound in the starlight scope. He looks through it and sees "a green fire" and "the vast deep sleep of the paddies" (31).But then, as is typical for O'Brien, he retreats from profundity in favor of ordinariness. Now, the soldiers see through the scope that "the land was just the land" (31). They laugh; they have brushed up against something transcendent, and come away free.
O'Brien claims understanding Fort Lewis will help readers understand the My Lai Massacre. The name of My Lai was well known to readers of this book in the early 1970s. In 1968, hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese villagers were killed by U.S. soldiers. Since readers don't know what year it is in O'Brien's story, there's a tension: is one of the coming chapters going to detail the slaughter at My Lai? Will O'Brien take part in the My Lai Massacre? In fact, no; O'Brien does serve in My Lai, but was there long after the massacre, as readers learn in a later chapter.
The name My Lai also sheds light on "St. Vith," in Chapter 1. O'Brien pretends his location in Vietnam is named St. Vith, although that is a Belgian town and the site of heavy Allied losses in World War II. Thus, he ironically associates his Vietnam War with the glories and tragedies of World War II—a war in which Americans were on the winning side. By contrast, the name of My Lai is associated with ignominy and brutality. Readers know O'Brien's location isn't St. Vith, just as they know his war stories are not going to be only about sacrifice, honor, and victory. Using the name St. Vith calls attention to this contrast between the two wars.
Erik, O’Brien’s Army buddy, loans O'Brien his copy of The Mint by T.E. Lawrence, who was better known as Lawrence of Arabia. The Mint is Lawrence's memoir of enlisting in Britain's Royal Air Force under an assumed name. Lawrence turned away from his fame, literary and military, and threw himself into the routine of barracks life. This book reconciles O'Brien to army life: "With The Mint I became a soldier […] I gave in to soldiering" (34).But The Mint is also O'Brien's way of remaining apart from the army; The Mint, after all, is the story of a soldier with a secret, a soldier who is not what he seems. Modeling himself after the literary Lawrence of Arabia, O'Brien is not "[giving] in to soldiering" so much as remaining secretly aloof from it as a writer.
Plus, gain access to 8,800+ more expert-written Study Guides.
Including features:
By Tim O'Brien